While during southwest monsoon period, coastal stations in the western part received more rainfall than coastal stations in the eastern part. During the northeast monsoon period, coastal stations in the eastern part of the region received more rainfall compared to the coastal stations in the western part.

The daytime and nightime maximum in coastal areas is caused by the convergence between sea/land breeze and prevailing flow of by sea breeze and land breeze itself. Baguio, which is a mountainous area, is found to experience maximum rainfall activity during the day in all the different monsoon seasons of three different years. The diurnal variation of rainfall in Northern Luzon is described by discussing the role of topography and local wind systems during three different monsoon periods in three different years using observation data from PAGASA-DOST. Additionally, the use of lightning data refined the analyses of thunderstorm events by providing information that relate thunderstorm dynamics and microphysical structure, which is unavailable in the traditional thunderstorm data.

Results reveal the profile of thunderstorm activity during the study period that includes information on spatio-temporal hazard related to CG lightning and indirectly, to thunderstorm severity. Using thunderstorm (PAGASA) and CG lightning (WSI) data, the use of lightning detection network as an alternative or supplemental tool in detecting and analyzing thunderstorms events has been examined by analyzing the seasonal pattern of thunderstorms activity as revealed by Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning strokes occurring in the Philippine domain. This paper is an initial exploration of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning occurrences in the Philippines using the untapped lightning data generated by the subset of the WSI Global Lightning NetworkВ® operating in the Southeast Asian region. Simulated results suggest two types of band formation: one initiated by convergence of large scale flows and another by convective cell existing in a strong southwesterly air stream. The simulated convection using NCAR MM5 shows consistency with observations near coastal areas although there is a notable difference from observations near the mountains. The mesoscale systems actively interacted with large scale conditions providing a favorable environment for the development of heavy rainfall during this particular rainy season wet spell. Strong convergence of Indian Southwesterlies and South Pacific Trades is evident. This convective cell moved northwestward and developed into a deep convection producing heavy rainfall over the coast and near the mountains. Observations showed that an unusual disturbance developed over the southwestern section of LuzonВ which extends from northern Palawan to eastern Mindoro. Heavy monsoon rains inundated Central luzon starting 5 July. Unusual result however was obtained where the total of parasitic wasp for the current month is highly significant with rainfall and relative humidity for next month.Д«ased on the observed facts, the following conclusion was drawn: (1) Climate variability affect insect pest behavior and dynamics although the impact vary with species (2) The behavior of wasp confirms folklore meteorology and (3) The impact of climate variability on insect pests occurrences are good inputs to farm weather forecasting.ДЇurther monitoring of the insect dynamics and climate variability is recommended for future comprehensive study in relation to climate change.ДЄ case study has been made to describe the synoptic and sub-synoptic conditionsВ of an extreme example of rainy season wet spell that occurred in Central Luzon on July 2002 using both observations and a numerical model. The result showed high significant correlation with brown plant hopper and temperature lag 4 months (r2 = 0.630915), the green leaf hopper and temperature lag 4 months (r2 = 0.7620), the stem borer and temperature lag 5 months (r2 = 0.62171). Lag variables up to five months were also included. The impact of climate variability on insect pest occurrence was studied to establish information beneficial to agricultural pest management by monitoring the rates of pest invasion using light trap equipment and ascertain benchmarks of climate changes that influence distribution of the species of brown plant hopper, green leaf hopper, stem borer and parasitic wasp.Д¬orrelation and graphical analysis were employed to determine the significant relationship between the two years monthly totals of the pests and three climatic variables: temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ten-Day Regional Agri-Weather Information.El NiГ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Status.Weather Outlook for Selected Tourist Areas.

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